Choosing the Right Respiratory Protection: Exploring Types, Understanding Filters, Acknowledging Limitations, and Mastering the Fit Check

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on selecting the appropriate mask for your needs. Whether you're involved in painting, construction, healthcare, or any other industry, choosing the right mask is crucial for your safety.  Below, we'll guide you through the process of understanding the types of face masks available, utilising a detailed filter selection guide, and providing additional crucial information on mask usage.

 

Types of masks

FFP1 vs FFP2 vs FFP3 

The FFP1, FFP2, and FFP3 masks, regulated by EN149:2001 + A1:2009, differ in their filtration efficiency due to the materials used and the stringent tolerances in their manufacturing process. FFP3 masks use denser, finer filter media with tighter manufacturing tolerances to minimise both particle penetration and inward leakage, providing superior protection compared to FFP2 and FFP1 masks.

Filter Penetration Limits (FPL):

This refers to the percentage of particles that can pass through the filter media of the mask. Essentially, it's how much of the harmful stuff in the air can still get through the mask.

• FFP1: Maximum filter penetration of 20% (i.e., filters at least 80% of particles)
• FFP2: Maximum filter penetration of 6% (i.e., filters at least 94% of particles)
• FFP3: Maximum filter penetration of 1% (i.e., filters at least 99% of particles)

Total Inward Leakage (TIL):

This describes any leakage of contaminated air into the mask, which can come from gaps around the mask or through the filter itself. TIL is crucial because even if the filter is effective, air can leak in from the sides or where the mask meets your face.

• FFP1: Maximum total inward leakage of 22%
• FFP2: Maximum total inward leakage of 8%
• FFP3: Maximum total inward leakage of 2%

 

Half-face Masks vs Full-face Masks

Half-face Masks: 

These cover the nose and mouth and can be fitted with various filters or cartridges for protection against gases, vapours, and particulates. They provide a good seal but do not protect the eyes.

Full-face Masks:

Cover the entire face, offering protection for the eyes, nose, and mouth. They can use the same types of filters as half-face masks but provide a broader seal.

 

When to use each type

FFP Masks (FFP1, FFP2, FFP3)

• FFP1: Suitable for environments with low levels of non-toxic dust or aerosols, like construction sites with minimal dust or in woodworking for non-hazardous particles.
• FFP2: Recommended for environments where there are harmful but not immediately life-threatening particles, like in metalworking, mining, or during flu seasons for general public use.
• FFP3:  Used in high-risk situations involving very fine particles, toxic dusts, or biological agents (like asbestos work, pharmaceutical manufacturing with high-risk substances, or dealing with certain viruses).

Half-face Masks with Filters

These are versatile and should be used when dealing with both particles and gases/vapours in environments where eye protection isn't necessary but where a robust filter system is needed. Ideal for painting, chemical handling, or in industrial settings where multiple hazards exist.

Full-face Masks with Filters

Best for situations requiring comprehensive face protection, like when dealing with both respiratory hazards and eye irritants or corrosives. They're used in laboratories, during the handling of hazardous chemicals, or in emergency response scenarios where full facial protection is crucial.

 

Half-face/Full-face Mask Filter Selection Guide

Find the right filter by matching your application and material hazard to the recommended filter code. These codes are the EU industry standard codes indicating which chemicals/gases the filters can protect against.

*This guide serves only as a preliminary overview and should not be the sole basis for choosing a respirator. For detailed information on performance and restrictions, refer to the packaging and user manual of the respirator. It's essential for users to thoroughly read and comprehend the instructions provided with each product before use. Additionally, compliance with local legal requirements is mandatory.

 

Types of Particulate Filters

These are the codes and colours that appear on particulate filters to indicate the types of chemicals/gases the filters can protect against

*the data presented in the tables is derived from information provided by 3M.

 

Limitations to Keep in Mind

• Do not alter the device in any way: Modifying masks can compromise their effectiveness.
• Replace if damaged: Any physical damage can reduce the mask's protective capabilities.
• Oxygen Levels: Avoid using in atmospheres with less than 19.5% oxygen.
• Facial Hair: Beards or facial hair can prevent a proper seal, reducing effectiveness.
• Training: Proper selection and training are essential for safe use.
• Regulations: Always adhere to local safety regulations.
• Donning and Doffing: Incorrect procedures can lead to contamination.

 

Fit-check Procedure

After donning your respiratory device:

• Cover the Front: Use both hands to cover the front of the mask.
• Inhale and Exhale: Check for air leaks by breathing in and out.
• Adjust if Necessary: If there's leakage, adjust the nose clip and straps.
• Re-test: Repeat until a proper fit is achieved.
• Seek Help: If you cannot achieve a good seal, do not enter hazardous areas; seek assistance.

 

Choosing the right mask involves more than just picking one off the shelf. It's about understanding the environment, the type of contaminants, and ensuring the mask fits correctly. Use this guide to make informed decisions about respiratory protection, ensuring safety and compliance with health standards. Remember, the right mask is only effective when used correctly.

*The information provided in this guide is based on various European Union standards including EN 149, EN 140, EN 136, EN 143, and EN 14387, and pertains to the regulation of respiratory protection.

 

Brands and industries we serve

Procon Marketing is proud to offer a wide selection of respiratory protection from some of the most trusted brands in the industry. Our inventory includes high-quality products from Grange, known for their durable and effective solutions; 3M, a leader in innovation with a broad range of protective equipment; Dräger, renowned for their advanced safety technology and gas detection systems; and Greenline, which specialises in cost-effective respiratory solutions. We serve South Africa's main industries, including mining, agriculture, oil and gas, steel and foundry, manufacturing, construction, chemical and fire, ensuring that we cater to all your safety needs. Whether you're looking for everyday masks or specialised equipment for hazardous environments, we have brands that meet the demands of these sectors.